Nuclear experts from Greenpeace have started monitoring radiation near the stricken Fukushima No. 1 atomic power plant.
Greenpeace said it believed Japanese authorities may have been underplaying the scale of the disaster at the quake- and tsunami-hit plant and wanted to assess the radiation levels and risks to the local population for itself.
“Since the beginning of the Fukushima nuclear crisis, the authorities have consistently appeared to underestimate both the risks and extent of radioactive contamination,” Greenpeace’s Jan van de Putte said in a statement. Japanese engineers are working to pump out puddles of radioactive water at the earthquake-crippled plant.
Radioactive water has been found in three of the six reactors at Fukushima Daiichi, where three workers sustained burns after being exposed to radiation levels 10,000 times higher than normally found. The high radioactivity in the water is likely to slow efforts to stabilise the reactors.
The water in both cases contained iodine, caesium and cobalt 10,000 times the normal level, said a spokesman for Tokyo Electric Power Co (TEPCO).
The water was found in the basement of the turbine building of reactor one – a day after similar readings in the reactor three turbine basement heightened fears that the reactor vessel or its valves and pipes were leaking.
The worst-case scenario at reactor three would be that the fuel inside the reactor core, a volatile uranium-plutonium mix, has gone critical and burnt its way through the bottom of its steel pressure vessel. However, the nuclear safety agency has also said that other data suggested that the reactor vessel was still stable.
“We need to be careful that water contaminated with highly radioactive material will not leak outside,” Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency spokesman Hideyuki Nishiyama said late on Friday.
Pools of water of up to one metre were also found in the basement of the turbine buildings of reactors number two and four, he said, adding that their contents were being examined.
Japanese leaders defended their decision not to evacuate people from a wider area around the plant, insisting they are safe if they stay indoors. But officials also said residents may want to voluntarily move to areas with better facilities, since supplies in the tsunami-devastated region are running short.
The escalation in the nuclear plant crisis came as the death toll from the quake and tsunami passed 10,000 yesterday. Across the battered northeast coast, hundreds of thousands of people whose homes were destroyed still have no power, no hot meals and, in many cases, no showers for 14 days.
The uncertain nuclear situation again halted work at the Fukushima Daiichi complex, where authorities have been scrambling to stop the overheated facility from leaking dangerous radiation.
Low levels of radiation have been seeping out since the March 11 earthquake and tsunami knocked out the plant’s cooling system, but a breach could mean a much larger release of contaminants. The most likely consequence would be contamination of the groundwater.
“The situation today at the Fukushima Daiichi power plant is still very grave and serious. We must remain vigilant,” a sombre Prime Minister Naoto Kan said. “We are not in a position where we can be optimistic. We must treat every development with the utmost care.”
The possible breach in the plant’s Unit 3 might be a crack or a hole in the stainless steel chamber of the reactor core or in the spent fuel pool that’s lined with several feet of reinforced concrete. The temperature and pressure inside the core, which holds the fuel rods, remained stable and was far lower than what would further melt the core.
Plant officials and government regulators say they don’t know the source of the radioactive water discovered at Units 1 and 3. It could have come from a leaking reactor core, associated pipes, or a spent fuel pool. Or it may be the result of overfilling the pools with emergency cooling water.
Friday marked two weeks to the day since the magnitude-9.0 quake triggered a tsunami that flattened cities along the northeastern coast. With the cleanup and recovery operations continuing and more than 17,400 listed as missing, the final number of dead was expected to surpass 18,000.
Kan apologised to farmers and business owners for the toll the radiation has had on their livelihoods: Several countries have halted some food imports from areas near the plant after elevated levels of radiation were found in raw milk, sea water and 11 kinds of vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower and turnips.
He also thanked utility workers, firefighters and military personnel for “risking their lives” to cool the overheated facility. The nuclear crisis has compounded the challenges faced by a nation already saddled with a humanitarian disaster.
Much of the frigid northeast remains a scene of despair and devastation, with Japan struggling to feed and house hundreds of thousands of homeless survivors, clear away debris and bury the dead. “It’s still like I’m in a dream,” said Tomohiko Abe, a 45-year-old machinist who was in the devastated coastal town of Onagawa trying to salvage any belongings he could from his ruined car.
“People say it’s like a movie, but it’s been worse than any movie I’ve ever seen.” Officials have evacuated residents within 20 kilometres of the plant and advised those up to 30 kilometres away to stay indoors to minimise exposure. The US has recommended that people stay 80 kilometres away from the plant.
Government spokesman Yukio Edano insisted that people living 20 to 30 kilometres from the plant should still be safe from radiation as long as they stay indoors. But since supplies are not being delivered to the area fast enough, he said it may be better for residents to voluntarily evacuate to places with better facilities.
“If the current situation is protracted and worsens, then we will not deny the possibility of [mandatory] evacuation,” he said. Edano said the government “will continue to revisit this and as we have done so, we will provide whatever advice as necessary. Safety is the priority.”
NISA spokesman Hidehiko Nishiyama said later that plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Co. was issued a “very strong warning” for safety violations and that a thorough review would be conducted once the situation stabilises. A breach could mean a leak has been seeping for days, likely since the hydrogen explosion at Unit 3 on March 14.
It’s not clear if any of the contaminated water has run into the ground. Radiation readings for the air yesterday were not yet available, but detections in recent days have shown no significant spike. Elevated levels of radiation have turned up elsewhere, including the tap water in several areas of Japan. In Tokyo, tap water showed radiation levels two times higher than the government standard for infants, who are particularly vulnerable to cancer-causing radioactive iodine, officials said.
The scare caused a run on bottled water in the capital, and Tokyo municipal officials are distributing it to families with babies.
Previous radioactive emissions have come from intentional efforts to vent small amounts of steam through valves to prevent the core from bursting. However, releases from a breach could allow uncontrolled quantities of radioactive contaminants to escape into the surrounding ground or air.
Edano said “safety measures may not be adequate” and warned that may contribute to rising anxiety among people about how the disaster is being managed. “We have to make sure that safety is secured for the people working in that area. We truly believe that is incumbent upon us,” the chief Cabinet secretary told reporters.
Meanwhile, damage to factories was taking its toll on the world’s third-largest economy and creating a ripple effect felt worldwide. Nissan Motor Co. said it may move part of its engine production line to the United States because of damage to a plant.
The quake and tsunami are emerging as the world’s most expensive natural disasters on record, wreaking up to US$310 billion in damages, the government said. “There is no doubt that we have immense economic and financial damage,” Finance Minister Yoshihiko Noda said. “It will be our task how to recover from the damage.”
At Sendai’s port, brand new Toyota cars lay crushed in piles. At the airport, flooded by the tsunami, US Marines used bulldozers and shovels to shift wrecked cars that lay scattered like discarded toys.
Still, there were examples of resilience, patience and fortitude across the region.
In Soma, a hard-hit town along the Fukushima prefecture coast, rubble covered the block where Hiroshi Suzuki’s home once stood. He watched as soldiers dug into mounds of timber had been neighbours’ homes in search of bodies. Just three bodies have been pulled out.
“I never expected to have to live through anything like this,” he said mournfully. Suzuki is one of Soma’s luckier residents, but the tsunami washed away the shop where he sold fish and seaweed. “My business is gone. I don’t think I will ever be able to recover,” said Suzuki, 59.
Still, he managed to find a bright side. “The one good thing is the way everyone is pulling together and helping each other. No one is stealing or looting,” he said.
“It makes me feel proud to be Japanese.”
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